Tuesday, March 5, 2013

GENERAL CASIMIR EHRNROOTH IN BULGARIA; генерал Казимир Ернрот - живот и дело в България



GENERAL CASIMIR EHRNROOTH
         What is the place and the role of the born at the Seesta estate close to the Finnish town Nastola General of the Imperial Russian Army - Casimir Ehrnrooth at his 36 years of age in the Bulgarian social and political life? This is not a rhetorical question. In fact it is an attempt by the present book, based exclusively on materials and documents from the Bulgarian archives, to outline the intensive state activity of this undoubtedly worthy man. It seems queerly but frankly speaking our public knows very little about this Prime Minister of Bulgaria. There is one more reason, which I consider extremely important. This year is marked by two occasions – 180 years from the birth and 100 years from the death of this eminent Finn.
         To present the activity of General Casimir Ehrnrooth as a Minister and a Prime Minister is a difficult task, which could hardly be solved objectively without the published memoirs for him personally by a number of his contemporaries. Fortunately the distance from the time today presents us the good opportunity to enter into his statesman workdays, describing his essential role on the Bulgarian political scene. The esteemed analyzer during that heavy and contradictory time Simeon Radev gives one of the most punctual appraisals for the personality of General Casimir Ehrnrooth: „He was one of those military men, for whom the supreme duty is expressed in the order of the superior management and who sees the categorical imperative in a decree…. He was an honest man. Not a single doubt appeared over the carried by him policy in Bulgaria after such a heavy management, filled with unlawful arbitrary acts, and he left his name respected”.  
         Furthermore, following my modest estimation, I have to add something not less significant. In our historiography, especially devoted on the life and activity of General Casimir Ehrnrooth in Bulgaria, one can find out more often the bulky status and the embarrassing in volume treatment of data and facts, instead of consistent tracing and analysis of his various political commitments on the basis of concrete citation of archive documents. In fact the investigation of historical facts should be done taking into account their value in the course of the past. Following the accessed by me sources, published on this subject, I was impressed by the practice in one article or monograph to be mentioned almost in telegraphic style everything in the diverse activity of General Ehrnrooth. In the above sentence I used on purpose the verb “mention”, because the decisive fact behind it is the lack of maximum quotation of the original archive material – something, which is obligatory in one scientific approach. On one hand you have to consider his activity as a Prime Minister, on the other – as a military Minister, on the third place – as a Minister of Interior and on the fourth – his decisive role in settling the insecurity in East Bulgaria.
         In the following pages I will try to summarize the multifarious deeds of General Casimir Ehrnrooth, which have left a steady trace in the memory of his contemporaries, proving his extreme authority. The chronological marking out, grounded totally on archive documents and materials will allow me, I hope, to reveal in details the outstanding presence of this respected, honoured in Bulgaria Finn, who rendered utterly his energy and experience in one of the decisive moments - the building of the social and political life of a country, breathing freely for two years after five centuries yoke.  
         In principle at the end of each book a conclusion should be placed. It is considered that thus the author tries to put there the emphasis of his work. For a long time this tendency has turned more or less into an established institutional tradition. I will try to summarize from a slightly more different angle the outlined questions at the finale of my investigation work. Undoubtedly my major aim was to try to study as far as the archive materials and documents allowed me, to the utmost extent the life and activity of General Casimir Ehrnrooth in our country. In the course of my work I soon understood that I enter into quite vast territory, which one deserving deep respect Finn has built not for himself and not even for the present, but for the future of Bulgaria. I would like to particularize that these are not empty words, expressed out of courtesy. For each unprejudiced reader these pages clearly reveal the extremely effective social and political activity of General Ehrnrooth, by means of which he, as a statesman, has left behind himself a constructive heritage in our country.          But, by these lines I would like to state also my deep respect to the Finnish commanders Frederik Hjamar Nikolai Prokopé (died in the battle around Gorni Dabnik) and Ivan Rosenbohm (died from his wounds in the battles around Pleven), as well as to all those thousands Finnish riflemens who left their bones on the Bulgarian battle fields in the name of our national liberty. When I found in the archives a document, which accidentally has a connection with the stated above settlements, I was deeply moved. In the document something sincerely moving was pointed out, which was a result of the true wish of school boys and girls of three villages in the Pleven region to help the Finnish veterans from the Russian-Turkish war. Here is the list of what they succeeded to send:
LIST
of the goods, collected by the pupils of the villages Gorni Dabnik, Dolni Dabnik and Krushovitsa in the region of Pleven for the Finnish soldiers, participating in the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1877-1878 on the occasion of the end of the school year


Gorni Dabnik village
470 kg beans
70 boxes cigarettes
7 blocks home-made soap
43 boxes big cigarettes
2 bottles orange brandy
20 kg cognac
1 box of matches
Dolni Dabnik village
6 kg home-made soap
24 Nos. village towels
131 boxes cigarettes
540 kg beans
121 kg flour
100 kg soya flour
120 kg wheat
Krushovitsa village
50 Nos. home-made towels
11 kg home-made soap
280 kg beans
15 kg cigarettes
20 boxes cigarettes
30 l brandy
27 boxes big cigarettes
         The value of this extremely kind donation is quite different. And it might be found at the end of the cited above document, accompanying the shipment for Finland. There you can find the following date – 19 June 1942. Maybe there is no need to say that the bloody massacre during World War II was at its culmination, that the scarcity of goods and food had spread over our country and despite of that great children hearts with excitement and without hesitation wished to bow their heads in this extraordinary way before the feat of arms and self-sacrifice of the Finnish heroes.
THE AUTHOR

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